Theories that were focused on the patterning of crime events, especially routine activity theory (Cohen & Felson, 1979), received extensive attention. Since changes in crime patterns were observed globally (Boman & Mowen, 2021 Nivette et al., 2021), criminologists became interested in better understanding these trends and their potential causes. The pandemic provided a historic chance to test environmental criminology. Though the spread of the virus has not yet ceased as vaccinations race against variants, the loosening of restrictions, and people’s general feeling of being “done” with the pandemic, there is a need to assess the impact of the pandemic and associated restrictions in order to more readily allocate public safety resources and to also better understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for influencing crime patterns and to prepare for future events (Piquero & Kurland, 2021). Public activities have been cancelled, schools and companies closed, and only those businesses deemed essential to maintaining basic human needs such as supermarkets remained opened. Many governments around the world have invoked stay-at-home/shelter-in-place or lockdown orders that have disrupted typical individual-level routine activities that shape the rhythm of society. The COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions put in place to control the spread of the disease have deeply affected human society.

Los angeles lockdown lifted